Comparative Study on the Aerobic Capacity of Middle-Distance versus Long-Distance Runners

Abstract

This study presents a comparative analysis of aerobic capacity in middle-distance and long-distance runners, with a focus on key physiological markers such as maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max), lactate threshold, and endurance-related adaptations. A sample of 40 trained athletes (20 middle-distance and 20 long-distance runners) underwent standardized laboratory assessments to evaluate their aerobic performance. Results indicate that middle-distance runners exhibit significantly higher VO₂ max values, reflecting their reliance on intense, short-duration efforts. Conversely, long-distance runners demonstrated superior lactate thresholds and more efficient oxygen utilization, indicating better endurance and sustained aerobic output. Heart rate recovery and running economy also favored the long-distance group. These findings suggest that while both groups possess elevated aerobic profiles, their physiological adaptations differ based on training focus and event demands. The study provides valuable insights for coaches and sports scientists aiming to design distance-specific training programs and optimize performance in competitive endurance sports.