Changing Patriarchal Beliefs in Today’s Indian Society

Abstract

Patriarchy, a system of social structures and practices that uphold the supremacy of men, has been a significant obstacle to women's growth and progress. It is influenced by cultural variations in class, caste, religion, geography, traditions, and socio-cultural practices. Feminists aim to end patriarchy in both private and public forms, with two types suggested by Sylvia Walby: private, where women are not allowed to work for pay, and public, where they are treated as second-class citizens. Patriarchal societies are characterized by unequal power relations between men and women, with the father or eldest male serving as the head of the household.In Proto-feminism, the "images of women" method has been employed to critically examine classic works to destroy patriarchy. Indian literature, particularly English, has played a significant role in modernism and feminist assertions, with notable figures like Toru Dutt, Sarojini Naidu, and Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain challenging traditional myths and promoting women's equality.Modern women's movements have been instrumental in addressing gender issues, such as honor killings, genital mutilation, dowry killings, and violence against women. Indian women's status has improved significantly since the Mughal Empire, with women now enjoying equal opportunities across various sectors.To achieve gender equality, both men's and women's lives must change. Men should be educated about responsible sexual behavior, encouraged to take charge of their reproductive health, and share responsibilities placed on women.